Day: October 19, 2018

1Background To ensure that the electronic components used by avionics manufacturers are appropriate for the end application、Controllable，Ensure that the price is reduced while maintaining the quality of the product，In the 90s of the last century, Boeing first proposed the Electronic Component Management Plan (ECMP) based on the internal management document D6-55583，and unite with Honeywell、Airbus、Twenty-five major aircraft and aerospace products manufacturing companies, including British Airways, have established management systems，Use the program as a basis for avionics manufacturers。2001year，The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has established a special technical committee on avionics process management (TC107)，In 2002, the company formulated and published IEC/PAS 62239 "Avionics Process Management - Development of Electronic Component Management Plan (ECMP)"，The management plan was adopted by the IEC in 2008 and published as a Technical Specification (TS).，In 2012、2015and 2017 have been supplemented and updated，of which the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD)、Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)、Organizations such as NASA were involved in the development of the standard throughout the process。 2Scope of application and interpretation of technical requirements 2.1 Scope of application IEC/TS 62239 "Avionics Process Management - Development of Electronic Component Management Plan (ECMP)" is applicable to avionics component users, i.e., aviation equipment manufacturers、Subcontractors、repair plants, etc，The basic requirements for the preparation of ECMP are specified：The developer of the management plan is required to provide assurances to the end user and the governing body，The selection and use of all electronic components used in the equipment is controllable，Match the end application，and meet the technical requirements specified in the technical specification。This technical specification states the objectives and technical points that need to be achieved，However, there is no specific work item、data and reports are constrained，Thus, the planner can take into account the objectives stated in the technical specifications，Document the most efficient of them。 2.2Technical requirements IEC/TS 62239 specifies that the ECMP shall cover the following eight aspects：Component selection、Component use、Component quality assessment、quality assurance、Component trustworthiness、Conformity of components to the manufacturing process of the device、Component data information、Device status control。The ECMP also sets out detailed requirements for each technical element： 1The component selection management plan should meet the following techniques：The implementer of the plan is required to formulate a plan that meets the technical requirements、Selection principles and preferred catalogs that meet specific conditions of use，At the same time, the use environment of the selected components should be clarified、Availability and risk of outages，and have additional requirements (e.g., escalation screening、Increases、additional parameter definitions, etc.).，Special quality assessments are carried out，In addition, the product manual of the selected component should be thoroughly checked during the selection process、Application note:、encapsulation、Reliability data、information such as production process data，So as to realize the control of the selection process of electronic components。 2Component Usage Various design elements for the device, including electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)、Derating and stress analysis、thermal analysis、Mechanical analysis、Testability、Maintainability、Aviation irradiation environment, etc，Documentation should be formed to prove that the components used are capable of being produced throughout the entire production、Storage and service life to meet the requirements of use。To determine that the design meets the requirements of the equipment，A formal design review should be conducted。At the time of the design review，For a wide range of components，All design aspects should be taken into account，and prepare reports。 3Component quality assessment Component quality assessment is divided into two levels: manufacturer's quality assessment and product quality assessment，The former requires verification of the component manufacturer's quality management system documentation、Manufacturing process management capabilities for repeatable manufacturing technologies，The latter requires the rationality of the selected components、Eligibility and suitability are verified，The product quality assessment plan should be specified in the document、The process of the test、sampling、You can receive information such as judgements。The form of component quality assessment includes data review and supplementary test verification，For new technologies or package types that have not been used before，Component quality assessment needs to be performed at both the component level and the device level，For new components that use existing technologies and package types，It is possible to pass only the equipment component quality assessment test，to test the conformity of the components。 4Component Quality Assurance ECMP developers should ensure that all components are consistent in quality and performance throughout the life cycle of the device，Consistency of quality between batches of the same component，It is also necessary to ensure that the components delivered meet the requirements of the delivered equipment。 5Component trustworthiness within the warranty or maintenance period of the equipment agreed by the customer and/or the agreed service life，As long as the customer uses these components within agreed environmental limits，The document should be formed to ensure the reliability of the components、Availability、Obsolescence management and maintainability。 6Conformity of components to the equipment manufacturing process Confirm that the components are compatible with the conditions of the equipment manufacturing process，There will be no impact on quality and reliability，Documentation should be prepared to describe the critical manufacturing、assemble、Shipment、carry、stockpile、Test、Processes such as repairs and rework affect components and how to control them。 7Component data information should be made from the component manufacturer、All relevant data is collected by the designer, manufacturer and user of the device，and save the data、Backup and restore、analyse、report。 8Condition control components in the use phase，State control should be carried out。as a minimum，A list of controlled components and a list of original manufacturers of components should be included，If the component is not the original manufacturer，Components should be verified to meet the original manufacturer's data specifications and the level of quality and reliability。

recently，Taizhou City issued six local standards for famous snacks in Taizhou, including "Jingjiang Crab Roe Soup Dumpling Production Skills", "Taixing Barley Rice Porridge Production Skills", "Xuanbao Small Wonton Production Skills", "Qixiang Grass Pot Braised Pork", "Qixiang Eight Big Bowls General Principles" and "Huangqiao Baked Cake Production Skills".。As of now，Taizhou 5171 issued 15 local standards for famous snacks，The standard system of Taizhou famous snacks has been gradually improved。   Standards are determined by local restaurant associations、Jointly drafted by relevant time-honored hotels，Jingjiang crab roe soup dumplings are specified in detail、The requirements for the production technology of famous snacks such as Xuanbao small wontons，Include terms and definitions、Raw material requirements、The production process and craftsmanship、Finished product requirements, etc，The production technique is refined and solidified，Let the authentic Taizhou taste have a standard for inheritance and promotion。   The introduction of local standards for famous snacks，It will further guide the standardization of the famous snack industry、Large-scale development，Make a local snack a veritable one、A genuine local brand，Form the overall brand of Taizhou famous snacks。Taizhou Quality Supervision Bureau and Taizhou Culinary Industry Association will organize urban catering enterprises to conduct training and publicity in a timely manner，Invite experts in standard compilation to give lectures，Theoretical explanations and practical demonstrations are conducted，Strive to make the standard not out of shape in the actual operation of the enterprise，Inherit and standardize the production skills of famous snack varieties。

Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA)Website reports，The FDA is in the process of revising its food additives regulations，A total of 7 synthetic fragrances and flavor enhancers are no longer allowed(Adjuvants) ，In response to two food additive petitions from the community。 One of the petitions was filed by the Breast Cancer Fund，Center for Environmental Health，Center for Food Safety，Center for Science in the Public Interest，Consumers' Union，Environmental Protection Fund，Environmental Working Group，Improving the environment for children，Natural Resources Defense Council、We submitted to the FDA for the Environmental Justice Action Coalition and Mr. James Huff, among others，The data in the petition shows:，Under test conditions，There are 6 synthetic fragrances that can cause cancer in experimental animals。 These 6 synthetic fragrances are synthetic benzophenone、Ethyl acrylate、Methyl eugenol、Myrcene、Pulegone and pyridine。According to Federal Food、Drugs and Cosmetic Act(FD&Section 409 of Bill C(c)(3)strip)Delaney Terms，These substances will be removed from the list of food additives。1958This provision requires the FDA not to approve the use of any food additive that has been found to induce cancer in humans or animals at any dose。 While the FDA is in the process of amending food additive regulations under the Delaney clause，But the FDA's rigorous scientific analysis has been established，In normal use，These synthetic fragrances do not pose a risk to public health。These synthetic flavors are widely used in food products marketed in the United States，The dosage is very small，Exposure is very low，The risk is also low。 While the FDA's exposure assessment of these substances does not indicate that they pose a risk to public health under the conditions of intended use，But the petitioner provided evidence，It has been shown that these substances cause cancer in animals exposed to much higher doses。therefore，The U.S. Food and Drug Administration withdrew the listing of the six synthetic flavors only on legal grounds。The FDA considers these substances otherwise safe。 Each of these synthetic substances has a natural counterpart in food or in the natural substances used to flavor food。FDA's removal of these synthetic flavors does not affect the legal status of foods containing natural flavors，It also does not affect the legal status of flavoring substances extracted from these foods，These are often labeled as "natural flavors".。 According to the evidence provided by the petitioner，That is, benzophenone causes cancer in animals，The FDA is also in the process of revising food additive regulations，It is no longer allowed to be used as a plasticizer in reused rubber products that come into contact with food。 For these 6 synthetic fragrance substances，FDA will publish the rule in the Federal Register，A 24-month transition period is provided，So that businesses can identify suitable alternative ingredients and reformulate their food products。 Other than that，In response to a petition for food additives from the Thuroxylenene Research Center，FDA will revise its food additives regulations，The use of styrene as a synthetic fragrance and adjuvant is no longer permitted，Because the industry no longer uses this synthetic fragrance。   Sources of information:：U.S. FDA website statement：This number is reprinted、share、statement、Views remain neutral，The purpose is only to convey more information，The copyright belongs to the original author。If the copyright of the work is involved，Please contact us，We will remove the content as soon as possible!