Released： 2018-08-29 15:07 Sources of information:： Notice of the General Office of the State Administration for Market Regulation on Deepening and Improving the Investigation and Governance of Hidden Dangers of Special Equipment Related to Hazardous Chemicals Shi Jian Special [2018] No. 24 of all provinces、Autonomous regions、Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau of the Municipality directly under the Central Government (Market Supervision and Administration Department): In order to further implement the Party Central Committee、The State Council's important decisions and arrangements on strengthening production safety，Implement the key points of special equipment safety supervision and energy-saving supervision in 2018,Consolidate the achievements of the investigation and management of hidden dangers of special equipment related to hazardous chemicals,Strengthen the risk prevention and control of high-risk pressure-bearing special equipment in key areas，The relevant work is hereby notified： One、Consolidate the achievements of the investigation and management of hidden dangers of special equipment related to hazardous chemicals (1) Implement the main responsibility。 The user unit of special equipment related to hazardous chemicals shall implement the main responsibility for the investigation and treatment of hidden dangers of special equipment，Implement various safety management systems，Implement the safety responsibilities of safety management personnel and operators，Effectively carry out hidden danger investigation and management。In accordance with the requirements of the Quality Inspection Office [2017] No. 91，The potential safety hazards that have been identified in the early stage but have not yet been treated，The user unit should take active measures，Strive to complete the treatment of hidden dangers by the end of 2018，Realize closed-loop management of potential safety hazard investigation and management of special equipment。meantime，It is necessary to carry out the investigation of hidden dangers according to the characteristics of the unit, and look back，Eliminate new potential safety hazards in a timely manner。 (2) Strengthen supervision and inspection。 Quality supervision departments (market supervision departments) at all levels should strengthen supervision，Strengthen key supervision and inspection of areas and relevant units where the progress of hidden danger management is slow，Coordinate measures to supervise and urge relevant units to implement hidden danger management，Investigate and deal with violations of laws and regulations in a timely manner，It is a major hidden danger that is difficult to deal with in various places，It should be reported to the local safety committee for supervision。 Two、Strengthen the risk prevention and control of high-risk pressure-bearing special equipment in key areas (1) Special equipment related to "coal-to-gas".。 All localities should strengthen the risk prevention and control and hidden danger investigation and management of special equipment involved in "coal to gas".。To be for the design、fabricate、Weak links in the installation process，Supervise and urge relevant enterprises to strictly implement special equipment regulations and standards，Supervise and urge the inspection agency to implement supervision and inspection in strict accordance with the requirements of the specification。Spot check the design unit、Whether the manufacturing unit and the installation unit strictly implement the safety technical specifications and standards，Whether the installation notification and installation supervision and inspection system are strictly observed，The hidden dangers found should be ordered to be eliminated，against illegal installations、Transformation and failure to declare supervision and inspection should be investigated and dealt with in a timely manner。 (2) Mobile pressure vessels、Gas cylinder filling station and inspection station。 All localities should strictly inspect the implementation of various management systems of filling stations and inspection stations，Check the licensing qualifications of filling stations and inspection stations、Qualifications of filling and inspection personnel，Enterprises with chaotic management should be ordered to carry out rectification。Check whether the gas cylinder filling station is illegally filled with scrap gas cylinders and gas cylinders that have exceeded the inspection period；Check whether the inspection process of the gas cylinder inspection station meets the provisions of the specifications and standards and the defunctionalization of the inspection and judgment waste gas cylinders；Repair of gas cylinder inspection stations、The act of modifying and refurbishing a gas cylinder or cylinder valve，As well as the purchase of gas cylinder valves without a license should be strictly punished in accordance with the law。 (3) Strengthen the management of hidden dangers of oil and gas pipelines in high-consequence areas。 All localities should follow the requirements of the "Notice of the State Administration of Safety Supervision and Other Eight Departments on Strengthening the Safety Management of Oil and Gas Transmission Pipelines, Crowded Places, and High-Probability Areas" (Safety Supervision Supervisor No. 3 [2017] No. 138).，Supervise and urge oil and gas transmission pipeline enterprises to strictly implement relevant laws, regulations and safety technical specifications for special equipment，Implement the statutory inspection system for pipelines in accordance with the law，Further improve the coverage of statutory inspection and in-pipeline inspection of oil and gas pipelines；Supervise and urge oil and gas transmission pipeline enterprises to strengthen the oil and gas transmission pipeline body、Identification of various safety risks of ancillary facilities and surrounding environment、Investigation and management of potential safety hazards，Improve the quality and safety of the pipeline body。 Three、Relevant work requirements (1) Strictly implement work responsibilities。 The provincial quality and technical supervision departments (market supervision and management departments) shall be in accordance with the requirements of the work content and completion time limit，Combined with local realities，Strictly implement work responsibilities。Significant hidden dangers and systemic risks found in the work，Report to the local government and the General Administration in a timely manner。 (2) Do a good job of statistics and summary reporting。 All localities should conscientiously sum up，Do a good job of relevant data statistics。The provincial quality supervision department (market supervision and management department) shall report the completion of the preliminary work and the statistical table (see attached table) to the Special Equipment Bureau of the General Administration before September 5, 2018，Before January 5, 2019, the completion of the work in 2018 and the statistical table will be reported to the Special Equipment Bureau of the General Administration，Before October 30, 2019, the completion of all work and statistical tables will be reported to the Special Equipment Bureau of the General Administration。 Contact person for information reporting：General Administration of Pressure Pipeline Safety Technology Center Yang Yong contact number：010-59068601；fax：010-59068232； Contact email：13810116863@126.com。 State Administration for Market Regulation June 20, 2018 ...

Industrial engineering as an engineering discipline，After more than 100 years of development, many advanced ideas have been formed、Methods and techniques。This article provides a brief introduction to lean management、Six Sigma、The generation and rationale of the three methods of TOC theory。 1、to reduce waste、Lean management with value as the core The concept of lean management is a set of scientific management models derived from Toyota's production system in Japan。 2050s of the century，Naichi Ohno learns the assembly line production operation method of Ford Motor Company in the United States，The Toyota Production System was created through further improvements。 1990year，MIT's International Automotive Initiative is based on a survey of more than 90 car factories in 14 countries，The Toyota production method is officially defined as lean production。thereafter，Lean production methods are widely used in traditional manufacturing，In 1996, James P. Womac further summarized the new management thinking contained in lean production。 With the application of lean methods in the manufacturing industry，Manufacturers are learning that the Lean method is more than just a production system，It is also a business system，It encompasses all aspects of bringing a product to market，Design included、Supplier management、Production and sales。 therefore，Lean methodologies eventually spread outside of the automotive manufacturing industry。Recently，The theory of "lean production" has been extended to the whole process of business activities，Changed to "Lean Management"。 The steps to implement lean management in an enterprise include:： (1) Define value，The main point of lean thinking is value，Value can only be defined by the end customer，It only makes sense when the customer's needs are met； (2) Identification of value stream activities，Analyze the value stream process from raw materials to delivery of products/services to customers，and identify value-added and non-value-added activities within them； (3) Make value flow，Lean emphasizes the need for the various value-creating activities to be fluid； (4) Demand-pulled，Pull production according to user demand，We only produce when the customer needs it； (5) Pursue perfection，Use the perfect value creation process to provide users with perfect value。 2、Six Sigma Management Approach Dedicated to Process Improvement Six Sigma aims to improve the quality of the output of the process by identifying and eliminating the causes of defects and minimizing fluctuations in manufacturing and business processes，It is a set of techniques and tools dedicated to process improvement。 The original Six Sigma was proposed by Motorola's Bill Smith，The aim is to produce a better quality product at a lower cost。Under the leadership of Jack Welch，GE successfully applied Six Sigma quality management methods in the 90s。 afterwards，Many prominent multinationals began to follow suit，The number of companies implementing Six Sigma is growing exponentially，Including IBM、ABB and other Fortune 500 companies。 Six Sigma can be statistically available、Quality and enterprise processes are three perspectives to understand its meaning，From a statistical point of view，Six sigma represents six standard deviations；From a quality perspective, Six Sigma means that the defect rate per million products is less than or equal to 3.4，That is, there are up to 3.4 failures，The pass rate is 99.99966%，；From an enterprise process perspective，Six Sigma is defined as a defect or error rate of 3.4 or less per million opportunities。 The improvement steps of Six Sigma can be summarized as the "DMAIC" process： (1) Define，According to the customer's requirements，Identify values and goals using methods such as value stream mapping； (2) "Measure"，Make use of process flow diagrams、Methods such as measurement system analysis measure the relevant data of the current process； (3) "Analyze"，Causality is analyzed based on measured data，Try to consider all the factors，Make use of design of experiments、Failure modes and other methods for analysis，to uncover the root cause of defects； (4) "Improve"，According to the results of the analysis，Take advantage of error-proofing、Standardization and other methods to improve the process； (5) "Control"，Make use of control charts、process documentation and other methods，The future state is controlled to ensure that defects with the target have been corrected；And repeat the process constantly，Until the desired results are obtained。 3、TOC Theory for Improving System Bottlenecks and Improving Overall Performance The TOC theory is a holistic management philosophy introduced by Eliyahu M. Goldratt in his 1984 book entitled The Goal，Due to the best-selling of the book，The TOC theory was rapidly spread around the world，Translated into 26 languages，More than five million copies were sold。 at the factory、There is inevitably an imbalance in the ability of companies, as well as other organizations，There is always a constraint or bottleneck that limits the performance of the entire system，TOC theory is a theory that focuses on identifying and breaking through system constraints，This improves the management approach that limits the overall performance of the system。 The TOC theory raises the bottleneck、There are five steps to improving your system's performance，Also known as the five-step focusing method。 The first step is to identify constraints/bottlenecks，That is, to identify the bottlenecks of the system，As old as the old machine、Untrained employees、Long preparation time、Machine breakdowns, etc； The second step is to break through the constraints，Make the most of constraints，Increase its utilization or output； The third step is to collaborate with bottlenecks，Subordinate other activities of the enterprise to various measures proposed by the development constraint process，to synchronize the rest of the part with the constraint； The fourth step is to escalate the bottleneck，Increase bottleneck resource capacity through measures such as purchasing (overtime、Add machines、Increase staff The fifth step is to focus on change and continuous improvement，Check for other constraints，Continuous improvement。 in a word，Lean management、Six Sigma and TOC theory are important methodologies formed in the development of industrial engineering to help enterprises improve management，This is shown in Table 1，At its core, lean management is about eliminating waste，It focuses on the flow of the system；At its core, Six Sigma is all about reducing volatility，The focus is on the problems that cause defects in the system；At the heart of the TOC theory is managing bottlenecks，Focus on identifying and improving bottlenecks，Finally, the overall performance of the system is improved。 in production，quality production management process，Eliminate waste，Reduce volatility，Manage bottlenecks，Each of these checks can be a pain in the eye for managers，Only tease out the problem，Use scientific tools，In order to truly realize the overall improvement of the system! 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8D Case Exercise - Store Manager Wang's Wife Wants to Divorce D1：Improved topic selection and problem description Problem description： D2：Emergency Response & Goal Setting D3：Current Situation Analysis Current Situation Analysis，Data Collection (4W2H Management)： Store Manager Wang's wife's family performance checklist： Wang's store manager's wife's family performance Plato： This can be seen from the diagram，Quarrels are the most。 D4：Preliminary cause analysis and verification；Formulate and implement temporary countermeasures to identify possible causes： Confirm the main cause—Elimination： Formulate and implement temporary countermeasures： D5：Detailed cause analysis and verification；Development and implementation of permanent countermeasures System diagram method： Decision evaluation： D6：Effect Confirmation Confirmation of the effect of countermeasures： 8D knowledge，You need to know that 9 steps 8D is the 8 basic principles of problem solving, or 8 working steps，But in practice, there are 9 steps： D0：Signs Emergency Response Measure D1：The group formed D2：Problem Note D3：Implement and validate Interim Measure D4：Identify and validate Root Cause D5：Select and validate permanent corrective action D6：Implement permanent corrective action D7：Prevent recurrence of D8：The group congratulated the 3 questions SQE on when it came to training suppliers on 8D reporting，It must be made clear to the supplier，As a supplier, when writing 8D reports，It is important to ensure that the following questions are answered clearly, accurately, and reasonably： D2 - What is the problem? D3~D6 - How to solve the problem? D7 - How to prevent the problem in the future 7 problems as SQE when reviewing the supplier's 8D report however，It is also important to ensure that the following questions are answered truthfully： 1.The knowledge of the part is fully demonstrated; 2. The root cause is fully identified and focused; 3. The missing point has been identified; 4. The corrective action that matches the root cause has been identified; 5. The validation of the corrective action plan has been determined; 6. The time plan for implementing the corrective action has been included; 7. There is evidence that the supplier will integrate the corrective action into the system。 Quality Tools The quality tools that may be used in the implementation of 8D are summarized below： Reliability/Design VerificationDV/Product & Process Qualification/Potential Failure Mode and Effects AnalysisFMEA/Control PlanCP/PPAP Documents/SPC/DOE/QC7 Tools D0：Indication of emergency response measures Purpose：The main thing is to see if such problems need to be solved with 8D，If the problem is too small，or problems that are not suitable for 8D，For example, price，Funding and so on，This step is an emergency response to a problem as it occurs。 Key takeaways:：Determine the type of problem、size、categories and so on。Unlike D3，D0 is the reaction to the occurrence of the problem，D3, on the other hand, is a temporary response to the problem with the product or service itself。 ...