基于“放管服”以及政府职能转变的要求，今年国家已经出台了一系列的改革政策。作为高技术服务业，认证机构要充分解读政策，及时转变观念，做好客户服务工作。however，客户服务工作贯穿认证业务的各个环节，是一项非常复杂、艰巨的系统工程。   认证机构作为认证高技术服务业的实施主体，是认证认可支撑国家质量基础的重要组成部分。服务业的本质是不断提升服务水平以持续满足顾客需求，从而获得顾客满意。therefore，有效满足客户需求，达到客户的期望，从而推动认证业务快速发展，仍是认证机构当前最紧迫、最重要的工作。下面就如何做好客户服务工作谈几点想法。 01 什么是客户服务 在谈客户服务是什么之前，先了解一下“服务”的特性，服务具有无形性、异质性、生产和消费的同步性、易逝性四个特性。围绕这四个特性开展的任何能提高客户满意度度的工作都属于客户服务的范畴。therefore，认证机构客户服务，一是了解客户，了解客户需求；二是建立建全客户服务体系，制定客户服务标准；三是建立规范的服务内容及流程；四是将服务内容及流程嵌入与客户发生界面接触的每一个过程、节点，并进行有效的监控和管理。 02 谁是客户 所有不同类型的、与认证机构有业务往来、有交集的组织和人员都可以看做是机构的客户。向认证机构申请认证或质量服务的委托人、制造商、生产厂，可以看做是直接客户；政府、消费者、社会公众、行业协会、International organizations、民间机构作为认证机构客户的客户，可以看做是间接客户。 认证机构为所有直接客户提供认证服务的结果，可以作为政府采信的依据。质量服务工作为的是保安全、守底线，为广大消费者的生活保驾护航，就要有理、有利、有节做好对直接客户的服务工作。而对于质量不能达标的企业，即使服务工作做得再好，也未必能提高他们的满意度，但如果认证机构守住了质量、安全的底线，就会赢得更多消费者和社会公众的信赖，从而为认证机构带来更加广泛的社会声誉。Thus，服务工作不仅要做到让直接客户满意，更重要的是还要做到让间接客户也满意。从某种意义上说，服务客户的客户，才是服务的终极目标，他们才是真正的客户。 03 什么是优质客户服务 与传统服务比较，现在普遍认为优质客户服务包括：定制化服务、差异化服务、互动式服务、体验式服务、一站式服务以及为客户提供完善的售后服务等。 海尔所提供的服务就是一个优质服务的典型案例。海尔提供的服务远超消费者的预期，其优质的服务弥补了产品质量上可能存在的不完美，提升了客户的满意度。Thus，通过加强客户服务可以弥补企业其他方面的不足，从而有效降低客户流失率，起到挽留客户的作用。企业自身的短板与不足要通过服务来弥补，但从长期来看，还需要通过技术手段让客户获得更好的消费体验。 04 服务转变，树立新的服务理念 第一，国家的质量方针政策要求认证机构转变服务理念。党的十九大报告要求，Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era，坚持质量第一、效益优先，全面深入开展质量提升行动，建设质量强国，更好地满足人民对美好生活的向往。 基于“放管服”以及政府职能转变的要求，今年国家已经出台了一系列的改革政策。一是国务院正持续推进工业产品生产许可证制度改革，全面清理各类行政许可并将部分行政许可转为强制性认证。根据国发2017年34号文规定，助力车、摩托车乘员头盔和电热毯3类工业产品已经转为实施强制性产品认证。二是为深化强制性产品认证制度改革，强化市场主体责任，进一步降低制度性交易成本，根据国家市场监管总局与认监委2018年第11号联合公告的要求，对部分产品不再实施强制性产品认证，同时对部分产品增加自我声明的评价方式。三是精简整合现有强制性产品认证程序，对CCC标志发放管理工作进行改革。 在这种背景下，认证机构需要充分解读政策，及时转变观念，做好客户服务工作。通过发布信息、组织培训、解答客户咨询等一系列服务工作，帮助客户理解国家政策，制定好后续的工作步骤。 second，行业的发展与变化促使认证机构转变服务理念。自强制性产品认证承担机构放开以来，各种类型的检验检测机构都被推向市场。从认监委获悉，截至2017年底，全国各类认证认可机构（含子公司）共计470家，同比增长21.45%，其中通过认可的认证机构271家，占认证机构总数的57.78%。截至2017年底，认证机构研发完成各类认证项目达到362项，服务领域进一步扩大，累计颁发各类有效认证证书175.33万张，较上年增长2.57%，涉及各类获证组织58.76万家。thereinto，强制性产品认证证书60.14万张，较上年增长9.47%。 认证的市场化趋势使得整个市场产生了激励竞争，业务同质化现象突出，认证机构如果要保持领先优势，在贯彻“质量第一”的责任意识，守好“质量底线”的基础上，还需要打出有特色的服务品牌，确保“质量”和“服务”齐头并进。 third，真正树立客户至上的服务理念，提升服务能力。近些年，中国质量认证中心在客服工作方面不断摸索，做了一些工作，如成立客服体系工作小组，建立客服团队，编制客服文件，开展课题研究，组织多种形式的客户交流活动，搭建呼叫中心、微信等客户沟通交流渠道。But，离客户满意的服务还有较大的差距，服务质量还有很大的提升空间。in a word，卓越、超值、超预期的服务，才是最好的服务。 05 做好客户服务的建议与思考 认证认可是美好的事业，是有助于推动经济、社会和世界发展的行业。持续满足顾客需求和不断提升服务水平则需要更加市场化、更加灵活和更加高效及时的运作方式。Next，在做好客户服务方面建议采取以下方法。 全员客服，服务无止境。客服工作不是一个人的工作，部门内不能只有客服人员做客户服务；客服工作也不是一个部门的事情，甚至也不应该只是客服部的事情。客服工作需嵌入认证业务流程的各个环节，业务工作与服务工作紧密相连、密不可分。为业务部门保驾护航的财务、法务及行政等部门也同样需要为客户提供服务。只有全体员工上下同心，同舟共济，步调一致，才能做好客服工作。除了全员参与，员工还要从思想上做到爱岗敬业、Be honest and trustworthy、奉献社会等方面，提升职业道德。meantime，还要具备良好的沟通能力、协调能力、分析问题和解决问题的能力。只有这样，才能提升服务能力，更好地做好各项服务工作，提升客户满意度。 以市场为导向，提高服务意识。客户服务的核心是维护和加强与客户的联系。仅重视满足客户的需要是不够的，还必须研究客户需要背后复杂的各种因素，以市场为导向、以多样化的服务满足客户的多层次需要，才能获得自身发展的持续动力。提高服务意识要从思想上提高对服务的认识，建立主动服务、一体化服务观念。要大力提倡服务精神，以服务为荣。提高服务意识要从点点滴滴做起，把服务意识的提升贯穿到日常的工作之中。只有这样，才能在服务工作中取得更大的成绩。 转变观念，强化以客户为中心。要从“以自我为中心”向“以客户为中心”转变。以客户为中心并不是一句空洞的口号，而是富有哲理的经营理念。它反映在实际工作中，就是要将机构的发展战略、愿景规划、管理模式、业务流程等统统定位在帮助客户更多地实现其价值需求上。只有深刻认识、领会、贯彻并真正落实“以客户为中心”的服务理念，才能在未来激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地，从而赢得更大的发展空间。 加强信息化建设，提升服务能力。信息化工具已在客服工作中发挥了越来越重要的作用。要进一步提升客户服务能力，必须充分利用先进的信息技术手段，打造完善的业务管理、沟通交流和客户服务平台。如建立先进完善、便捷高效的专业化认证信息服务平台；建立、建全与客户沟通交流的联络渠道；加强信息的分析及利用，提高数据的收集、analyse、processing、处理能力，为客户完整画像，提供精准服务。 思路梳理清楚，接下来就是：“撸起袖子，加油干”！ 文章来源：Quality & Certification Statement：This website is reprinted、share、statement、Views remain neutral，The purpose is only to convey more information，The copyright belongs to the original author。If the copyright of the work is involved，Please contact us，We will remove the content as soon as possible! ...

Illegally disposed of more than 4,000 tons of medical waste, the enterprise was fined, and the legal representative was sentenced as a medical waste disposal enterprise，However, the infusion bottles and other plastics in the medical waste are shredded and sold for profit without authorization，Untreated clinical waste was also illegally discarded、Landfill。 12May 7th，The People's Court of Wenling City, Zhejiang Province, made a first-instance judgment in the case：Zhejiang Taizhou Xiangjin Medical Waste Disposal Co., Ltd. committed the crime of polluting the environment，A fine of $1,100,000 was imposed，The legal representative Chen committed the crime of polluting the environment，He was sentenced to five years and eight months' imprisonment。 The court also issued a ban on Chen，This is the first time in a local environmental pollution case in Taizhou, Zhejiang。 It was ascertained after the trial，Zhejiang Taizhou Xiangjin Medical Waste Disposal Co., Ltd，It is located in Songmen Town, Wenling City，It is an enterprise with the qualification of harmless centralized disposal of medical waste，Specializing in the treatment of medical waste in the south of Taizhou, Zhejiang，Mr. Chen is the legal representative of the company。 2013to March 2017，Chen arranged for another criminal, Chen, to be in charge of the company's powder workshop，Arrange for Zhang (handled in a separate case) to be responsible for signing contracts for medical waste disposal with hospitals in Taizhou City, Zhejiang。 He was aware of the plastic infusion bottles in various hospitals、When the infusion bag is medical waste and the company illegally disposes of medical waste，He is still actively helping and transporting medical waste back to the company's shredding plant for processing。 meantime，He also teamed up with Xu and others (all handled in separate cases) to sort the collected medical waste without authorization，In the grinding plant will be mixed with needles、Cotton swab sticks、Medical infusion bottles for blood, etc、Medical waste such as infusion bags and infusion tubes are shredded、dehydration、bagging，The wastewater generated by this process is discharged into the environment，The workshop crushes about 1 ton of medical waste on average every day，A total of more than 1,000 tons, worth more than 690 yuan。 2015The second half of the year，Chen instructed Li (handled in a separate case) to collect medical glass infusion bottles from various hospitals、Needles and the like are not disposed of in accordance with relevant regulations，Unauthorized will be mixed with cotton swab sticks、Medical waste, such as glass infusion bottles, such as needles, is dumped in the ground near the plant。Weighed，A total of 3,403 tons of mixtures such as glass bottles。 2017March 17，Wenling Environmental Protection Bureau、Law enforcement officers from the Wenling Municipal Public Security Bureau conducted a joint inspection of Zhejiang Taizhou Xiangjin Medical Waste Disposal Co., Ltd，A total of 21 tonnes of processed medical waste shredded material was seized at the scene，Raw infusion bottles、Infusion tubes、The total number of infusion bags is 41 tons。 The court held that，Zhejiang Taizhou Xiangjin Medical Waste Disposal Co., Ltd、Chen violated state regulations，The amount of illegal disposal of hazardous waste in conjunction with others is particularly huge，The consequences are particularly severe，Their actions have constituted environmental pollution。 The court also imposed a restraining order on Chen，The penalty shall be within four years from the date of completion of the sentence or the date of parole，It is forbidden to practice in medical waste disposal enterprises or related institutions。 source：Legal Daily Reporter Wang Chun Correspondent Li Jie Xintiandi Environmental Group Co., Ltd. and other environmental pollution cases were sentenced in the first instance Recently，The Laixi Municipal People's Court filed a lawsuit against the defendant unit, Xintiandi Environmental Group Co., Ltd、Qingdao Xintiandi Solid Waste Comprehensive Disposal Co., Ltd、Qingdao Xintiandi Ecological Recycling Technology Co., Ltd、Qingdao Xintiandi Vein Industrial Park Management Co., Ltd、Shandong Yinli Metal Utilization Co., Ltd. and the defendant Wang Changsheng and 12 others polluted the environment，Zhao Wanru polluted the environment and concealed accounting documents、The judgment was pronounced in the first instance of the accounting book case。 The Laixi Municipal People's Court held after trial，Relevant Defendant Units、Defendant committed、Engage in illegal acceptance、stockpile、disposal、sale、Acts such as the purchase of hazardous waste constitute the crime of polluting the environment，Sentenced to Xintiandi Environmental Group Co., Ltd. respectively、Qingdao Xintiandi Solid Waste Comprehensive Disposal Co., Ltd、Qingdao Xintiandi Ecological Recycling Technology Co., Ltd、Qingdao Xintiandi Vein Industrial Park Management Co., Ltd、Shandong Yinli Metal Utilization Co., Ltd. was fined RMB 15 million、$15 million、500,000 yuan、10 million yuan、100,000 yuan，The defendant was sentenced to prison terms ranging from one year and five months to four years and two months，and fines。Defendant Zhao Wanru also constituted concealment of accounting documents、Accounting bookkeeping crimes，It is punishable concurrently with the crime of polluting the environment，He was sentenced to four years and six months' imprisonment，and fines。 The Ministry of Environmental Protection punished Qingdao Xintiandi and revoked the hazardous waste business license Xinwang January 6, 2016，The website of the Ministry of Environmental Protection has been updated with an administrative penalty decision，The target of the penalty is Qingdao Xintiandi Solid Waste Comprehensive Disposal Co., Ltd(Hereinafter referred to as "Xintiandi")。At the end of 2015, the Ministry of Environmental Protection inspected the East China Supervision Center，Xintiandi was found to have committed a number of environmental violations，After a year of check-ups，Xintiandi was eventually revoked for failing to engage in business activities in accordance with the requirements of the hazardous waste business license。Information network(Hotline: 0532-80889431)Understood，Since 2012, the Laixi Environmental Protection Bureau, where Xintiandi is located, has been receiving complaints，Reflect the environmental pollution problem of Xintiandi。now，Xintiandi had its hazardous waste business license revoked，However, the staff of the Xintiandi recycling station still said that they could accept medical waste, which is hazardous waste。 Xintiandi's hazardous waste business license was revoked on December 9, 2016，The Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China issued a decision on administrative punishment，Qingdao Xintiandi Solid Waste Comprehensive Disposal Co., Ltd. was revoked from its hazardous waste business license，The license, which was originally valid until October 27, 2018, ended its mission ahead of schedule。 now，Search for Xintiandi's business name on the Ministry of Environmental Protection's website，Able to get two records，The first is the announcement on October 28, 2013 on the issuance of the "Hazardous Waste Business License" of Qingdao Xintiandi Solid Waste Comprehensive Disposal Co., Ltd，The second is the administrative punishment decision for Xintiandi。The two parallel records were separated by only three years，Xintiandi has lost a convincing business card of energy conservation and environmental protection enterprises。 Xinwang learned，The East China Environmental Protection Supervision Center inspected Xintiandi at the end of 2015，It was discovered that the existence of Xintiandi was not truthfully recorded、Report the operation of hazardous waste，Storage facilities that are not operated in accordance with the Approval、Business category: engaging in hazardous waste business activities and other behaviors，These acts have violated the provisions of Article 57 of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste。 According to Article 77 of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste，"Engaging in collection without a business license or not in accordance with a business license、reserve、exploit、Disposal of hazardous waste business activities，The administrative department for environmental protection of the people's government at the county level or above shall order the illegal conduct to be stopped，Confiscation of illegal gains，A fine of up to three times the amount of unlawful gains may be imposed concurrently。Engaging in the activities described in the preceding paragraph not in accordance with the business license，The business license may also be revoked by the licensing authority。The Xintiandi recycling station still said it could accept clinical waste on the morning of January 5，The letter network came to the Xintiandi Renewable Resources Recycling Station, No. 18, Jiyang Road, Shibei District，According to the sign on the door of the recycling bin, it can be judged that the recycling station belongs to Xintiandi Company。The Spring Festival is approaching，The staff at the recycle bin seem to be exceptionally busy，The trucks at the entrance of the recycling station have neatly bundled paper shells and waste paper，From time to time, people also send newly sorted waste items to the recycling station。"We can take anything here，You have to go to the door to see the goods before you can set the price。Said the staff，Whatever the waste item is, it can be recycled，However, the price should be judged according to the actual situation of these items。 The letter network saw，This Xintiandi, which is set up near a residential area, mainly recycles waste paper shells that are common in ordinary residents' homes、Newspapers and wine bottles，There is no hazardous waste involved。When the information network asked if it was possible to recycle medical waste，Without thinking about it, the staff at the recycling station directly said that they could come to the door for recycling。According to the National Hazardous Waste List, which came into force on August 1, 2016，Clinical waste is also classified as hazardous waste，It can be seen from the reaction of the staff，It appears that the recycling station has not been affected by the revocation of Xintiandi's hazardous waste business license。 And in another Qingdao Shinan Renewable Resources Corporation on Xinyi Road, Shinan District，Crews are busy loading bottles of wine that have been collected in recent days，For waste recycled at the recycling station，The staff made it clear that they would only accept ordinary household waste，Medical waste and other types of waste are not accepted。 More than a dozen people have been caught violating the environmental protection law in Xintiandi's website，A series of memorabilia records the development trajectory of this enterprise known for its emerging industries of energy conservation and environmental protection，2002 Shandong Solid Waste Information Exchange Center was established，2005Qingdao Medical Waste Disposal Center is operated in the year，2006Qingdao Xintiandi Vein Industrial Park, China's first national venous industrial park, was established，2008Qingdao Hazardous Waste Disposal Center was built and operated，2010It operates the Shaanxi Provincial Hazardous Waste Disposal Center and undertakes the construction of the Shandong Provincial Industrial Solid Waste Disposal Center，2014年 青岛新天地静脉产业园通过国家验收 信网了解到，Xintiandi provides industrial services including residential、Harmless treatment of solid waste、Contaminated soil and groundwater remediation services，Undertook the "863 Program" of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China、National Science and Technology Support Program、China and South Korea、China and Japan、Sino-Swiss international cooperation and other R&D projects，Participated in the compilation of national policy standards，Pollutant prevention and safe disposal have been obtained、Patents for core technologies such as resource recovery and recycling。however，This series of infrastructure and scientific research results do not translate into 100% the ability to dispose of waste products，After all, Xintiandi's hazardous waste business license was revoked because it did not engage in business activities in accordance with the requirements of the hazardous waste business license。 As a matter of fact，This administrative penalty of revoking the business license is just one outlet for Xintiandi to be complained about and reported，Since 2012, the Laixi Environmental Protection Bureau has received complaints about environmental pollution in Xintiandi，Xintiandi also received 2 rectification notices within a time limit。Have a "criminal record" that has been complained about，It is not difficult to understand that Xintiandi will be "targeted" by the East China Supervision Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2015。2016June，The East China Supervision Center ordered Xintiandi Solid Waste Disposal Company to suspend production for remediation of other projects except medical waste,The Laixi Environmental Protection Bureau ordered the company to stop production and rectify，The company self-sealed 6 key parts and 18 warehouses of 3 incinerators。 Before the revocation of the operating license，2016In August, Shandong Province held a provincial environmental protection special action scheduling meeting，Xintiandi was revealed to have superpowers to dispose of hazardous waste、Superpower to receive hazardous waste、Fabricate a ledger of operational disposal records、Illegally collected and stored tens of thousands of tons of hazardous waste、Serious environmental violations such as illegal transfer and disposal of hazardous waste，At that time, the Qingdao Municipal Public Security Bureau had already fully intervened in the investigation，Eleven suspects were arrested。 Yu Xiao, chief reporter of Xinwang All Media, source of the article：Environmental House statement：This website is reprinted、share、statement、Views remain neutral，The purpose is only to convey more information，The copyright belongs to the original author。If the copyright of the work is involved，Please contact us，We will remove the content as soon as possible! ...

  十二月上旬 是冷空气的舞台！ 看他携着 【大风】 【降温】 【雨雪】 等一众小弟 正快马加鞭地赶来啦~~~ 根据昆山气象12月6日发布的气象通知， The minimum temperature in our city in 48 hours can drop by 8~9 °C， 8日早晨最低气温可达1°C左右！ 另外，The snow you've been waiting for for years may be coming soon， Xiao An has nothing to ask for either， 就棉衣棉裤穿起来吧， Don't fight mom who thinks you're cold， 毕竟这次是真的冷 寒潮来袭， 工厂应该如何防凝防冻呢？ 冻结后，又该如何处理呢？ 一起来看看 工厂管线的冬季防冻及处置 1.工艺用的水线。Everything that is installed on the ground，And the water consumption is not large，Ensure that there is a vent valve at the end of the pipeline，Keep running water，to prevent freezing，If conditions permit, insulation should be added to the pipeline。 2.Intermittent use of waterlines。An electric heat trace must be added for insulation，Otherwise, it will not be available。 3.A waterline that is not used in winter。The flanges on both sides should be taken apart，Drain all the stored water，Conditional，Purging with industrial air to ensure that the stagnant water in the pipeline is not filled，If the switch is not tight，Blind plates should be added at the flanges that are disassembled at both ends，And carry out registration and listing。 4.For some pipelines that are not used in normal production。Due to long-term inactivity，There may be stagnant water in the dead spot and freeze，Once you want to use，It will cause a blockage，and affect production。on such pipelines before the onset of winter，After the pipeline is dredged and replaced with the appropriate flow rate，Close the valve in question，Stay on standby。 5.Fire hydrants for fire waterline systems，Fire waterline, valve well, etc。To close the valve inside the valve well，Put water in the water purification faucet，Ensure that the water hydrant is ready for use at any time。Double-layer manhole cover should be used in the fire well (one of which is a thermal insulation manhole cover)。   发生冻结处理 设备冻结后，Apply steam or hot water to thaw，Cast iron pipes and equipment should be thawed slowly，to prevent bursting，Freeze-cracked pipelines or equipment are prohibited from heating in a sealed state，It should be opened first，Defrost the transverse tube from low to high，Vertical tubes from top to bottom，If there is a crack, it should be reported。 工厂防冻小知识 1.做好个人防护工作，Dress warmly，During the inspection of the device, do a good job of anti-skid work on the tower and down the tower。 2.Strengthen the dehydration work, drain the water of each dehydration point in time, and prevent freezing and blockage。 3.注意仪表液位计现场的液位计上下部角阀有一个出现冻堵将会影响到真实的液位，The freezing plug at the head of the remote level gauge will affect the mechanical rotation，Current conduction，Affects the true liquid level。 4.The temperature of the circulating water is not easy to control too low，It cannot be lower than 8 degrees，After below an octave,It will cause the freeze plugging phenomenon of the cooler secondary line,In severe cases, the pipeline is frozen and cracked。 5.Insulation of pipelines in the dead water area of circulating water in the workshop；The circulating water pump that has been deactivated adopts a backflow measure，and put it clean。 6.Equipment that is out of service on the shop floor，as：Make-up pump、Circulating water pump、cooler、condenser, etc，Water discharge should be used、Regular inspection and other measures。Compressor cooling water，Regularly inspected by the operator，Make sure the water valve remains open for a long time。 7.If there is a freeze plug in the liquid hydrocarbon line，When steam purging the line，Watch out for physical explosions，Do not force purging，Warm up slowly。 8.The on-site pressure gauge will also appear to be frozen and blocked，Judge from experience。If it is uncertain, it should be reported and dealt with in a timely manner。 9.When purging freeze-plugging pipelines，Purge the elbow with steam。 10.Pay attention to the enhanced dehydration of natural gas pipelines，so that liquids are not brought into the boiler。Check the natural gas line to prevent the crystal structure caused by freezing。 11.Strengthen inspections and check the temperature at each point。 12.Raw water pipelines should be avoided from being shut down，Maintain a long flow of water。 13.Retired devices，Blind plates should be added at the connection between the pipeline and the production system，and drain the stagnant water，Purge clean。Equipment that is idle in the open air and equipment that is open，Prevent water, snow, freezing, and damage to the equipment。Open-air equipment needs to increase the number of patrol inspections and loading。 14.All production and living and temporarily out of service equipment，Water vapor pipelines，The control valve should have anti-freezing and thermal insulation measures，Drain the stored water cleanly or maintain a small amount of long-term water flow、Small over-steam approach，To meet the requirements of both anti-freeze and saving，Be sure to clean it after the water and steam are stopped。 15.Strengthen patrols to check for dehydration，Check the dehydration at the low point of each equipment and the low point of the pipeline，The pump cooling water cannot be interrupted，Heat tracing、Keep the heating unblocked，Pressure gauge、The level gauge should be checked frequently、Steam & Water Hose Fittings、Shake your head、Keep the constant steam and running water。 16.Valves that do not move cannot be hard switched，The motorized disc does not move the car，Must not be enabled。 17.Freeze-solidified cast iron valves are slowly heated with warm water or a small amount of steam，Protects against sudden heat damage。 18.Construction and domestic water，Try to drain into a trench or a place that does not interfere with traffic，Ice skates should be knocked off at any time。 19.Strengthen management and establish anti-freezing and anti-condensation ledgers(Accident registration is included、The anti-freeze and anti-condensation equipment is in good condition、Freeze-prone condensation pipelines, etc)。 ...